Immobilization of lead and zinc in contaminated soil using taro stem-derived biochar and apatite amendments: a comparative study of application ratios and pyrolysis temperatures
Truong Xuan Vuong, Duc Phuong Nguyên, Vu Huyen Ngoc Nguyen, Thị Thu Hà Phạm, Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen
Abstract
< 0.05). Amendments also notably reduced exchangeable fractions of Pb and Zn (F1) up to 71.8% and 61.5%, respectively, while enhancing their presence in more stable fractions (F4 and F5). This immobilization effect peaked at the 10% biochar application and 6 : 6% biochar-apatite combination. These findings suggest that TSB300, TSB500, and their blends with apatite hold promise for immobilizing Pb and Zn in heavily contaminated soil, potentially mitigating environmental risks.
Topics & Concepts
BiocharEnvironmental remediationPyrolysisApatiteContaminationZincSoil remediationEnvironmental chemistrySoil contaminationEnvironmental scienceWaste managementLead (geology)ChemistryMineralogySoil waterGeologySoil scienceBiologyEcologyEngineeringOrganic chemistryGeomorphologyHeavy metals in environmentCoal and Its By-products