Signals of primordial black holes at gravitational wave interferometers
Jonathan Kozaczuk, Tongyan Lin, Ethan Villarama
Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form as a result of primordial scalar perturbations at small scales. This PBH formation scenario has associated gravitational wave (GW) signatures from second-order GWs induced by the primordial curvature perturbation, and from GWs produced during an early PBH dominated era. We investigate the ability of next generation GW experiments, including BBO, LISA, and CE, to probe this PBH formation scenario in a wide mass range. Measuring the stochastic GW background with GW observatories can constrain the allowed parameter space of PBHs for masses ${10}^{9}--{10}^{27}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$. We also discuss possible GW sources from an unconstrained region where light PBHs ($<{10}^{9}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$) temporarily dominate the energy density of the universe before evaporating. We show how PBH formation impacts the reach of GW observatories to the primordial power spectrum and provide constraints implied by existing PBH bounds.