Lattice engineering for stabilized black FAPbI <sub>3</sub> perovskite single crystals for high-resolution x-ray imaging at the lowest dose
Depeng Chu, Binxia Jia, Naiming Liu, Yunxia Zhang, Xiaotong Li, Jiangshan Feng, Jiacheng Pi, Zhou Yang, Guangtao Zhao, Yucheng Liu, Shengzhong Liu, Nam‐Gyu Park
Abstract
Preliminary theoretical analyses indicate that lattice relaxation may be used to release lattice strain in the FAPbI 3 perovskite to warrant both high x-ray detection performance and improved stability. Herein, we demonstrate stable black α-phase FAPbI 3 single crystals (SCs) realized by lattice engineering via annealing in the ambient atmosphere. The engineered α-FAPbI 3 SC detector shows almost all the best figures of merit including a high sensitivity of 4.15 × 10 5 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 , a low detection limit of 1.1 nGy air s −1 , a high resolution of 15.9 lp mm −1 , and a short response time of 214 μs. We further demonstrate high-definition x-ray imaging at a dose rate below 10 nGy air s −1 on the FAPbI 3 SC, indicating a minimal dose-area product of 0.048 mGy air cm 2 to the patient for one-time posteroanterior chest diagnosis, which is more than 3000 times lower than the international reference level of 150 mGy air cm 2 . In addition, the robust long-term stability enables the FAPbI 3 SC x-ray detector to work steadily for more than 40 years.