Sonodynamic biomimetic-nanomedicine fight cancers
Anni Zhang, Xu Zheng, Guangqi Yan, Xiaoqi Liu, Dongyue Xie, Xiaohe Xu, Mengchi Sun, Zhijun Liu
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) represents an innovative oncological treatment modality that harnesses the synergistic effects of low-intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizers to kill tumor cells. However, this dynamic therapeutic strategy faces multiple obstacles, including physicochemical barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the potential toxicity of off-target sonosensitizers, which may accumulate in off-target sites and be non-specifically activated by ultrasound, leading to damage of normal tissues. Recently, biomimetic-nanomedicine platforms, specifically designed to target the TME challenges, have emerged as a potent solution, enabling the development of SDT that enhance therapeutic outcomes, which even derives the concept of the sonodynamic biomimetic-nanomedicine (SBNM). In light of the states, we herein aim to summarize a cutting-edge review on the rapid advances of SBNM. Firstly, tumor-killing mechanisms and development and classification of sonosensitizers are outlined. In addition, recent progresses in various biomimetic-nanomedicines, containing red blood cell membrane-coated, immune cell membrane-coated, cancer cell membrane-coated, hybrid membrane-coated, exosomal and microbial mimicking, are described in the development of preclinical research. Importantly, we offer an in-depth presentation for the superiority of SBNM designed to address physicochemical barriers of TME and abnormalization of the anti-tumor immunity. Last but not least, the challenges and perspectives related to SBNM are also discussed.