Numerical analysis of convective transport mechanisms in two-layer ternary ( <i>TiO</i> <sub>2</sub> − <i>SiO</i> <sub>2</sub> − <i>Al</i> <sub>2</sub> <i>O</i> <sub>3</sub> ) Casson hybrid nanofluid flow in a vertical channel with heat generation effects
Yasir Ul Umair Bin Turabi, Shahzad Munir, Ammara Amin
Abstract
In this article, we investigate the flow dynamics and convective transport of nanofluid and ternary hybrid nanofluid in a two-layer vertical channel. Employing a Casson model with blood as the base fluid in both layers, the first layer incorporates nanofluid TiO2, while the second layer comprises ternary hybrid nanofluid TiO2 – SiO2 – Al2O3. Laminar, incompressible flow with extra viscous dissipation effects is included in the formulation of this problem. The velocity and temperature are assumed to be continuous at the interface. The governing equations are converted into non-dimensional equations by using variables in the dimensionless form. The effective method known as homotopy analysis method (HAM) scheme is used to deal with the mathematical formulations. The behavior of velocity and temperature profile is sketched for various physical parameters and Nusselt number variations are tabulated. The results reveal that increasing the value of Eckert number Ec raises the temperature. Temperature rises as TiO2 and TiO2 – SiO2 – Al2O3 nanoparticles volume percentage rises. Nusselt number increases as Eckert number Ec and Prandtl number Pr increases while decreases as Casson parameters γ increase at the right wall. Rising values of λ and γ exhibit dissimilar behavior in the velocity profile. This study could be useful for medical purposes, like making better ways to deliver medicine through our blood vessels to treat cardiovascular diseases.