Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass: Progress in the production of second-generation bioethanol
Yitong Niu, Natra Joseph, Tannimalay Hemashini, Cheu Peng Leh
Abstract
Cellulosic ethanol, a biofuel product derived from microbial fermentation of cellulose-rich agricultural waste biomass, holds the potential to significantly contribute to sustainable development, energy security, and environmental friendliness as a green and renewable alternative energy source. Cellulosic ethanol offers remarkable energy benefits and carbon emission reductions. However, the biorefining process of cellulosic ethanol faces challenges and complexities. This article revolves around five aspects: feedstock, composition, pretreatment, cellulase hydrolysis, and ethanol fermentation processes in the biorefining of cellulosic ethanol. It provides an overview of the process flow and characteristics of cellulosic ethanol biorefining, emphasizing its significance. The main technological bottlenecks in cellulosic ethanol production are analyzed. Recent research advancements in cellulosic ethanol biorefining are summarized, followed by an outlook on the research focus and future prospects in the field of cellulosic ethanol.