Management of Worsening Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Stephen J. Greene, Johann Bauersachs, Jasper J. Brugts, Justin A. Ezekowitz, Gerasimos Filippatos, Finn Gustafsson, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Lars H. Lund, Robert J. Mentz, Burkert Pieske, Piotr Ponikowski, Michele Senni, Natalie Skopicki, Adriaan A. Voors, Faı̈ez Zannad, Shelley Zieroth, Javed Butler
Abstract
Despite worsening heart failure (HF) being extremely common, expensive, and associated with substantial risk of death, there remain no dedicated clinical practice guidelines for the specific management of these patients. The lack of a management guideline is despite a rapidly evolving evidence-base, as a number of recent clinical trials have demonstrated multiple therapies to be safe and efficacious in this high-risk population. Herein, we propose a framework for treating worsening HF with reduced ejection fraction with the sense of urgency it deserves. This includes treating congestion; managing precipitants; and establishing a foundation of rapid-sequence, simultaneous, and/or in-hospital initiation of quadruple medical therapy for HF with reduced ejection fraction, with the top priority being at least low doses of all 4 medications. Moreover, to maximally reduce residual clinical risk, we further propose consideration of upfront simultaneous use of vericiguat (ie, quintuple medical therapy) and administration of intravenous iron for those who are iron deficient.