Impact of modified Fourier’s heat flux on the heat transfer of MgO/Fe <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> –Eg-based hybrid nanofluid flow inside a square chamber
P. Sudarsana Reddy, P. Sreedevi, S. Venkateswarlu
Abstract
The effect of revised Fourier’s heat flux on the heat transport features of hybrid nanoliquid prepared with magnesium oxide (MgO), magnetite (Fe3O4) as nanoparticles, and ethylene glycol (Eg) as a general liquid is numerically investigated in this analysis. The ‘non-dimensional’ form of prevailing equations is derived with the utility of non-dimensional parameters and these equations are numerically evaluated by using the Galerkin finite element method. Variations in the scatterings of temperature and fluid lines with diverse values of radiation parameter (0.1≤R≤0.3), volume fraction parameter of magnetite (0.01≤ϕ2≤0.03), Prandtl number (6.2≤Pr≤8.2), Rayleigh number (102≤Ra≤3102), volume fraction parameter of magnesium oxide (0.01≤ϕ1≤0.03), thermal relaxation parameter (0.1≤γ≤0.3), and magnetic parameter (0.1≤M≤0.3) have been calculated and are schemed through graphs. The sketches of the Nusselt number with respect to these parameters are also portrayed through plots. The outcomes of this investigation indicate that the temperature gradient of MgO is higher than the magnetite nanoparticles. The rates of heat transfer augments from 4.2% to 15.8% in the case of magnesium oxide nanoparticles of volume fraction 0.03 suspending into the base fluid, whereas, the heat transfer rate rises from 4.2% to 11.6% in the case of magnetite nanoparticles of volume fraction 0.03 are appending into the general liquid.