Cardiometabolic health improvements upon dietary intervention are driven by tissue-specific insulin resistance phenotype: A precision nutrition trial
Inez Trouwborst, Anouk Gijbels, Kelly M. Jardon, Els Siebelink, Gabby B. Hul, Lisa Wanders, Balázs Erdõs, Szabolcs Péter, Cécile M. Singh‐Povel, Johan de Vogel‐van den Bosch, Michiel Adriaens, Ilja C.W. Arts, Dick H. J. Thijssen, Edith J. M. Feskens, Gijs H. Goossens, Lydia A. Afman, Ellen E. Blaak
Abstract
Precision nutrition based on metabolic phenotype may increase the effectiveness of interventions. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the effect of modulating dietary macronutrient composition according to muscle insulin-resistant (MIR) or liver insulin-resistant (LIR) phenotypes on cardiometabolic health. Women and men with MIR or LIR (n = 242, body mass index [BMI] 25–40 kg/m 2 , 40–75 years) were randomized to phenotype diet (PhenoDiet) group A or B and followed a 12-week high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet or low-fat, high-protein, and high-fiber diet (LFHP) (PhenoDiet group A, MIR/HMUFA and LIR/LFHP; PhenoDiet group B, MIR/LFHP and LIR/HMUFA). PhenoDiet group B showed no significant improvements in the primary outcome disposition index, but greater improvements in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, serum triacylglycerol, and C-reactive protein compared with PhenoDiet group A were observed. We demonstrate that modulating macronutrient composition within the dietary guidelines based on tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) phenotype enhances cardiometabolic health improvements. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03708419, CCMO registration NL63768.068.17.