Manganese and Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries: A Focused View on Performance, Mechanism, and Developments
Vinod Mathew, Balaji Sambandam, Seokhun Kim, Sung‐Jin Kim, Sohyun Park, Seulgi Lee, Muhammad Hilmy Alfaruqi, Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan, Saiful Islam, Dimas Yunianto Putro, Jang‐Yeon Hwang, Yang‐Kook Sun, Jaekook Kim
Abstract
The development of new battery technologies requires them to be well-established given the competition from lithium ion batteries (LIBs), a well-commercialized technology, and the merits should surpass other available technologies’ characteristics for battery applications. Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ARZIBs) represent a budding technology that can challenge LIBs with respect to electrochemical features because of the safety, low cost, high energy density, long cycle life, high-volume density, and stable water-compatible features of the metal zinc anode. Research on ARZIBs utilizing mild acidic electrolytes is focused on developing cathode materials with complete utilization of their electro-active materials. This progress is, however, hindered by persistent issues and consequences of divergent electrochemical mechanisms, unwanted side reactions, and unresolved proton insertion phenomena, thereby challenging ARZIB commercialization for large-scale energy storage applications. Herein, we broadly review two important cathodes, manganese and vanadium oxides, that are witnessing rapid progress toward developing state-of-the-art ARZIB cathodes.