Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ba-doped Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Hausmannite Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications
Aus A. Najim, Kadhim R. Gbashi, Ammar T. Salih
Abstract
In the present work, nanocrystalline hausmannite Mn 3 O 4 :Ba thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). Then, we investigated the impact of Ba doping concentrations on the structural, morphological and optical properties. The structural characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and clearly show the films have a spinel Mn 3 O 4 polycrystalline structure, the degree of crystallinity was improved by increasing Ba concentrations in Mn 3 O 4 matrix with crystallite size range of 15–33[Formula: see text]nm. The lattice parameters, the unit cell volume and the (Mn-O) bond length of tetrahedral and octahedral sites, were varied by increasing Ba concentrations. SEM micrographs show that the films are homogeneous with nanoparticles dispersed on the surface with sizes range 30–132[Formula: see text]nm. The optical properties were estimated by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and exhibited that the optical transmittance and band gap were improved by increasing Ba doping concentration. Empirical equations were suggested to estimate some correlated variables with excellent agreement with the experimental data. The optimum condition was recorded in films doped with 3% of Ba where a better crystallinity, a preferable surface morphology and outstanding optical properties have been achieved.