Remote Patient Monitoring for COVID-19: A Retrospective Study on Health Care Utilization
Joshua A. Thompson, Derek Hersch, Michael H. Miner, Tanya E. Melnik, Patricia Adam
Abstract
Introduction: Data are limited on the effectiveness of remote patient monitoring (RPM) for acute illnesses, including COVID-19. We conducted a study to determine if enrollment in a COVID-19 RPM program was associated with better outcomes. Methods: From March through September 2020, patients with respiratory symptoms and presumptive COVID-19 were referred to the health system's COVID-19 RPM program. We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes for patients enrolled in the RPM ( n = 4,435) with those who declined enrollment ( n = 2,742). Primary outcomes were emergency room, hospital, and intensive care unit admissions, and death. We used logistic regression to adjust for demographic differences and known risk factors for severe COVID-19. Results: Patients enrolled in the RPM were less likely to have risk factors for severe COVID-19. There was a significant decrease in the odds of death for the group enrolled in the RPM (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.83) and a nonsignificant decrease in the odds of the other primary outcomes. Increased number of interactions with the RPM significantly decreased the odds of hospital admission (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.95). Conclusions: COVID-19 RPM enrollment was associated with decreased odds of death, and the more patients interacted with the RPM, the less likely they were to require hospital admission. RPM is a promising tool that has the potential to improve patient outcomes for acute illness, but controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings.