Detection of X-Ray Polarization from the Blazar 1ES 1959+650 with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer
M. Errando, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, R. Middei, Michela Negro, Abel L. Peirson, M. Perri, Simonetta Puccetti, P. Rabinowitz, I. Agudo, Svetlana G. Jorstad, С. С. Савченко, D. Blinov, Ioakeim G. Bourbah, S. Kiehlmann, Evangelos Kontopodis, N. Mandarakas, Stylianos Romanopoulos, Raphael Skalidis, Anna Vervelaki, F. J. Aceituno, M. Bernardos, G. Bonnoli, V. Casanova, Beatriz Agı́s-González, C. Husillos, Alessandro Marchini, A. Sota, Pouya M. Kouch, E. Lindfors, C. Casadio, Juan Escudero, I. Myserlis, Ryo Imazawa, Mahito Sasada, Y. Fukazawa, Koji S. Kawabata, Makoto Uemura, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshi Akitaya, Mark Gurwell, Garrett K. Keating, Ramprasad Rao, Adam Ingram, F. Massaro, L. A. Antonelli, R. Bonino, E. Cavazzuti, Chien‐Ting Chen, Nicolò Cibrario, S. Ciprini, Alessandra De Rosa, Laura Di Gesu, F. Di Pierro, I. Donnarumma, Steven R. Ehlert, Francesco Fenu, Ephraim Gau, V. Karas, Dawoon E. Kim, H. Krawczynski, M. Laurenti, Lindsey Lisalda, R. López-Coto, G. Madejski, Frédéric Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Fabio Muleri, L. Pacciani, A. Paggi, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Roger W. Romani, F. Tavecchio, Stefano Tugliani, Kinwah Wu, Matteo Bachetti, L. Baldini, W. H. Baumgartner, R. Bellazzini, S. Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, A. Brez, N. Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, Niccolò Di Lalla, Alessandro Di Marco, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovčiak, Teruaki Enoto, Y. Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. García
Abstract
Abstract Observations of linear polarization in the 2–8 keV energy range with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) explore the magnetic field geometry and dynamics of the regions generating nonthermal radiation in relativistic jets of blazars. These jets, particularly in blazars whose spectral energy distribution peaks at X-ray energies, emit X-rays via synchrotron radiation from high-energy particles within the jet. IXPE observations of the X-ray-selected BL Lac–type blazar 1ES 1959+650 on 2022 May 3–4 showed a significant linear polarization degree of Π x = 8.0% ± 2.3% at an electric-vector position angle ψ x = 123° ± 8°. However, on 2022 June 9–12, only an upper limit of Π x ≤ 5.1% could be derived (at the 99% confidence level). The degree of optical polarization at that time, Π O ∼ 5%, is comparable to the X-ray measurement. We investigate possible scenarios for these findings, including temporal and geometrical depolarization effects. Unlike some other X-ray-selected BL Lac objects, there is no significant chromatic dependence of the measured polarization in 1ES 1959+650, and its low X-ray polarization may be attributed to turbulence in the jet flow with dynamical timescales shorter than 1 day.