Temporal Trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Delaware River Fish, USA
A. Ronald MacGillivray
Abstract
Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found in a variety of industrial and household products. Human and wildlife exposure to PFAS is widespread. Increasing evidence suggests adverse effects of PFAS to human health and the environment. Human health risks from exposure through drinking water and fish consumption are areas of concern. Therefore, understanding occurrence and exposure risk is important to protect water resources. PFAS was investigated in fish fillet from the Delaware River over a 15-y period (2004–2018). The sample period coincided with actions to reduce or eliminate the release of certain PFAS to the environment. Elevated levels of perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA) were initially observed in tidal fish fillet. While significant decreases in PFNA and PFUnA concentrations were observed in fish fillet from the tidal river during the timeframe of the study, changes in concentrations of other PFAS in tidal and nontidal fish were less substantial. In 2018, fish fillet continued to be contaminated with perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) at levels exceeding recommended regional risk advisory limits on fish consumption. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:411–421. © 2020 SETAC KEY POINTS Significant decreases in PFNA and PFUnA concentrations in fish fillet were observed during a period of actions to reduce local releases. The PFOS concentrations declined more slowly and are estimated to trigger fish consumption advisories. Further evaluations of initiatives to manage PFAS exposure and risk to human health and wildlife are warranted.