Role of nanolayer on the dynamics of tri-hybrid nanofluid subject to gyrotactic microorganisms and nanoparticles morphology vis two porous disks
Qadeer Raza, Xiaodong Wang, Bagh Ali, Sayed M. Eldin, Huizhu Yang, Imran Siddique
Abstract
This paper investigates the simultaneous heat and mass transfer phenomena in nanolayers induced by morphology, motile microorganisms, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The study also discusses the crucial role of viscous dissipation resulting from joule heating effects in the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids, considering both model thermal conductivity and nanolayer thermal conductivity. The influence of various types of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity (TC) and nanolayer thermal conductivity (NTC) is examined, with a focus on the significance of chemical reactions and concentration equations. To solve the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations, a stable and accurate numerical method is employed. The study provides valuable engineering insights, summarizing key parameters such as skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and motile number. Several nondimensional parameter effects like Re, Pr, β, Pe, α, h,r, γ, and Sc are shown in graphical and tabulation form for both porous disks. The addition of nanolayer thermal conductivity of ternary nanoparticles at a level of 5% enhances the heat transfer rate. When the values of the radius of nanoparticles and nanolayer thickness increase, the flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid's nanolayer thermal conductivity behaves oppositely.