The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle: Beneficial/Harmful
Zulfahmidah Zulfahmidah, Imran Safei
Abstract
Introduction: Skeletal muscle produces moderate quantities of oxidant species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), due to its contractile action, high oxygen consumption, and metabolic rate (RNS). Under normal physiological circumstances, the generation and removal of ROS/RNS are in dynamic equilibrium. Content: The body reaches a condition of oxidative stress, however, when the oxidation products surpass the antioxidant defense capability. Increased oxidative stress has significant ramifications for the molecular, structural, and functional integrity of muscle. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathological circumstances leads to cellular dysfunction and the progression of muscle disorders. Conclusion: The antioxidants can put ROS in optimal concentrations to perform physiological signals in muscle. At appropriate concentrations, ROS and RNS can regulate intracellular signal transduction. Thus, moderate quantities of radicals are advantageous to muscle, but high doses of ROS are harmful. The aim of this review is to know about the role of ROS in muscle.