Etodolac nanosuspension based gel for enhanced dermal delivery: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation
Alptuğ Karaküçük, Serdar Tort, Sevtap Han, Ayşe Nur Oktay, Nevin Çelebi
Abstract
Aim The objective of this study was to develop dermal nanosuspension (NS) based gel formulation of etodolac (ETD).Methods Etodolac nanosuspension (ETD-NS) was prepared by wet milling method and dispersed in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (NS-HPMC) or hydroxyethyl cellulose (NS-HEC) gels. Rheologic and mechanical properties were investigated. In vitro and ex vivo permeability studies were performed. Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity were evaluated in regard to carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw oedema and radiant heat tail-flick method, respectively.Results The ETD-NS with approximately 190 nm particle size (PS), 0.16 polydispersity index (PDI), and −15 mV zeta potential (ZP) values were obtained. The work of bioadhesion values of NS-HEC and NS-HPMC gels were 0.229 mJ/cm2 for both gels. Dermal permeation of ETD from NS-HEC gel (7.18%) was found significantly higher than the NS-HPMC gel (4.56%). Enhanced anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of NS-HEC gels were observed in comparison with micronised ETD.Conclusions ETD-NS based gel formulation is promising for topical delivery of ETD.