Experimental Validation of a Kinetic Ballooning Mode in High-Performance High-Bootstrap Current Fraction Fusion Plasmas
Xiang Jian, J. Chen, S. Ding, A. M. Garofalo, Xiaojing Gong, C. Holland, J. Huang, V. S. Chan, X. Qin, Guanying Yu, R. R., Xiaodi Du, R. Hong, G. M. Staebler, Huiqian Wang, Z. Yan, E.M. Bass, D. L. Brower, Weixing Ding, D.M. Orlov
Abstract
We report the observation of a set of coherent high frequency electromagnetic fluctuations that leads to a turbulence induced self-regulating phenomenon in the DIII-D high bootstrap current fraction plasma. The fluctuations have frequency of 130-220 kHz, the poloidal wavelength and phase velocity are 16-30 m^{-1} and ∼30 km/s, respectively, in the outboard midplane with the estimated toroidal mode number n∼5-9. The fluctuations are located in the internal transport barrier (ITB) region at large radius and are experimentally validated to be kinetic ballooning modes (KBM). Quasilinear estimation predicts the KBM to be able to drive experimental particle flux and non-negligible thermal flux, suggesting its significant role in regulating the ITB saturation.