Phytomediated Chitosan‐Modified TiO <sub>2</sub> NPs for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Potential Application for Breast Cancer Therapy
Ankush Chauhan, Rajasekaran Subbarayan, Karthikeyan Ravi, Ritesh Verma, Subha Krishna Rao, Dinesh Murugan Girija, Chandrasekaran Gopalakrishnan, Garima Rana
Abstract
ABSTRACT This work investigates the structural, photocatalytic, and biological properties of Juglans regia leaves extract mediated chitosan‐modified TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Juglans regia mediated TiO 2 NPs. The structural and morphological analysis conducted using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and FTIR revealed that synthesizing the TiO 2 NPs using both chitosan and Juglans regia leaves extract results in lower particle size and less agglomeration in comparison to TiO 2 NPs synthesized using only Juglans regia leaves extract. The photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B using phytomediated chitosan‐modified TiO 2 NPs has a remarkable degradation efficacy of 95.07% when subjected to UV–visible light. Further, phytomediated chitosan‐modified TiO 2 NPs have ability to reduce the E2 estrogen levels and which inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) which was confirmed by yeast based XenoScreen XL YES assay, [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation, and apoptosis gene expression (Casp 3 and Casp 9) analysis.