Beneficial Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on IPEC-J2 Cells Exposed to the Combination of Deoxynivalenol and T-2 Toxin
Judit Mercédesz Pomothy, Réka Fanni Barna, Erzsébet Anna Pászti, Ákos Babiczky, Áron Szóládi, Ákos Jerzsele, Erzsébet Pászti-Gere
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in feedstuffs is a worldwide problem that causes serious health issues both in humans and animals, and it contributes to serious economic losses. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) are major trichothecene mycotoxins and are known to challenge mainly intestinal barrier functions. Polyphenolic rosmarinic acid (RA) appeared to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effects of RA against DON and T-2 or combined mycotoxin-induced intestinal damage in nontumorigenic porcine cell line, IPEC-J2. It was ascertained that simultaneous treatment of DON and T-2 (DT2: <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mn>1</a:mn> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mi>μ</a:mi> <a:mtext>mol</a:mtext> <a:mo>/</a:mo> <a:mtext>L</a:mtext> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mtext>DON</a:mtext> <a:mo>+</a:mo> <a:mn>5</a:mn> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mtext>nmol</a:mtext> <a:mo>/</a:mo> <a:mtext>L</a:mtext> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mtext>T</a:mtext> <a:mo>−</a:mo> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:math> ) for 48 h and 72 h reduced transepithelial electrical resistance of cell monolayer, which was restored by 50 μmol/L RA application. It was also found that DT2 for 48 h and 72 h could induce oxidative stress and elevate interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels significantly, which were alleviated by the administration of RA. DT2 administration contributed to the redistribution of claudin-1; however, occludin membranous localization was not altered by combined mycotoxin treatment. In conclusion, beneficial effect of RA was exerted on DT2-deteriorated cell monolayer integrity and on the perturbated redox status of IPEC-J2 cells.