Iron overload and periodontal status in patients with sickle cell anaemia: A case series
Susilena Arouche Costa, Ana Regina Oliveira Moreira, Cyrene Piazera Silva Costa, Soraia de Fátima Carvalho Souza
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association among iron overload, periodontal status, and periodontitis progression rate in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case series evaluated 123 patients. Clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated at six sites per tooth. Alveolar bone loss was estimated using periapical radiography. Study outcomes were periodontal status (measured as number of sites with CAL of ≥3 mm, CAL of ≥5 mm, PD of ≥4 mm, and PD of ≥6 mm) and periodontitis progression rate (determined as ratio of alveolar bone loss to age). Serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels were obtained from medical records. Poisson regression was performed to estimate associations. Covariables included in the adjusted models (comorbidities, skin colour, socioeconomic class, and vaso-occlusive crisis) were defined by DAGs. RESULTS: Serum transferrin saturation level revealed a significant positive association with the number of sites with CAL of ≥3 mm, CAL of ≥5 mm, PD of ≥4 mm, and PD of ≥6 mm. Patients with serum transferrin saturation level of >45% were 1.93 times more likely to have rapid periodontitis progression. CONCLUSION: High serum transferrin saturation level is associated with a greater extent of periodontitis and rapid periodontitis progression in SCA.