Cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-glucoside represses tumor growth and invasion<i>in vivo</i>by suppressing autophagy<i>via</i>inhibition of the JNK signaling pathways
Wei Tian, Xiaowen Ji, Jinsong Xue, Yan Gao, Xiaomei Zhu, Guiran Xiao
Abstract
and extended their survival in a dose dependent manner. Strikingly, the activation of both autonomous and non-autonomous autophagy in tumor flies was significantly reduced by C3G treatment. A further study indicated that C3G exhibited an antitumor effect in vivo by blocking autophagy both in tumor cells and in its microenvironment by inhibiting the JNK pathway. Interestingly, the efficacy of chloroquine (CQ, an autophagy inhibitor used as an antitumor agent) combined with C3G is much better than either C3G or CQ treatment alone. C3G may be combined with CQ to treat cancers and to provide a theoretical basis for functional food or natural medicine development.
Topics & Concepts
In vivoAutophagyCell biologyChemistrySignal transductionMechanism (biology)Cancer researchBiologyBiochemistryGeneticsApoptosisPhilosophyEpistemologyAutophagy in Disease and TherapyPlant Gene Expression AnalysisGenomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress