Hierarchical mesoporous plasmonic Pd-Fe <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="d1e806" altimg="si99.svg"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> O <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="d1e814" altimg="si100.svg"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> /NiFe-LDH composites: Characterization, and kinetic study of a photodegradation catalyst for aqueous metoclopramide
Forouzan Shabib, Razieh Fazaeli, Hamid Aliyan, D.S. Richeson
Abstract
With the primary objective to develop efficient, environmentally benign, visible-light-driven heterogeneous catalysts for the degradation of metoclopramide (MCP), a waste-water pollutant, a newly prepared heterogeneous composite Pd-Fe3O4/NiFe-LDH catalyst is reported. This material has been characterized with a wide range of analysis methods (i.e. XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, FTIR, TG-DTG, DTA, DRUV and TEM analysis). When applied to aqueous solutions of MCP, Pd-Fe3O4/NiFe-LDH displayed a photocatalytic degradation of MCP with an efficiency of 95.2% in 80 min. The photocatalytic degradation rate for this composite material was higher than that of pure NiFe-LDH or Fe3O4/NiFe-LDH. The best photocatalytic activity was obtained at pH 6.5, with 0.4 g/L of the catalyst. Application of the Arrhenius equation yielded an activation energy for this process of 13.4 kJ/mol. A negative activation ΔS‡ (-0.25 kJ/mol) with the positive ΔH‡ and ΔG‡ values were obtained for this MCP photodegradation.