Impact of inflammation and immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (Review)
Jian Shi, Keshan Wang, Zhiyong Xiong, Changfei Yuan, Cheng Wang, Qi Cao, Yu Huang, Xiangui Meng, Kairu Xie, Zhixian Cheng, Hongmei Yang, Ke Chen, Xiaoping Zhang
Abstract
Substantial research attention has been directed at exploring the mechanisms and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Indeed, the association between inflammation and tumor phenotypes has been at the center of cancer research. Concomitant with research on the inflammation response and inflammatory molecules involved in RCC, new breakthroughs have emerged. A large body of knowledge now shows that treatments targeting inflammation and immunity in RCC provide substantial clinical benefits. Adequate analysis and a better understanding of the mechanisms of inflammatory factors in the occurrence and progression of RCC are highly desirable. Currently, numerous RCC treatments targeted at inflammation and immunotherapy are available. The current review describes in detail the link between inflammation and RCC.