Computer Vision-Enabled Construction Waste Sorting: A Sensitivity Analysis
Xinru Liu, Zeinab Farshadfar, Siavash H. Khajavi
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the pioneering real-world deployment of computer vision-enabled construction waste sorting in Finland, implemented by a leading provider of robotic recycling solutions. Building upon and extending the findings of prior field research, the study analyzes an industry flagship case to examine the financial feasibility of computer vision-enabled robotic sorting compared to conventional sorting. The sensitivity analysis covers cost parameters related to labor, wages, personnel training, machinery (including AI software, hardware, and associated components), and maintenance operations, as well as capital expenses. We further expand the existing cost model by integrating the net present value (NPV) of investments. The results indicate that the computer vision-enabled automated system (CVAS) achieves cost competitiveness over conventional sorting (CS) under conditions of higher labor-related costs, such as increased headcount, wages, and training expenses. For instance, when annual wages exceed EUR 20,980, CVAS becomes more cost-effective. Conversely, CS retains cost advantages in scenarios dominated by higher machinery and maintenance costs or extremely elevated discount rates. For example, when the average machinery cost surpasses EUR 512,000 per unit, CS demonstrates greater economic viability. The novelty of this work arises from the use of a pioneering real-world case study and the improvements offered to a comprehensive comparative cost model for CVAS and CS, and furthermore from clarification of the impact of key cost variables on solution (CVAS or CS) selection.