Air-Stable High-Entropy Layered Oxide Cathode with Enhanced Cycling Stability for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Jiajia Zhan, Jiawen Huang, Zhen Li, Jüjun Yuan, Shi Xue Dou, Hua-Kun Liu, Chao Wu
Abstract
O3-type layered oxides have been extensively studied as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their high reversible capacity and high initial sodium content, but they suffer from complex phase transitions and an unstable structure during sodium intercalation/deintercalation. Herein, we synthesize a high-entropy O3-type layered transition metal oxide, NaNi 0.3 Cu 0.05 Fe 0.1 Mn 0.3 Mg 0.05 Ti 0.2 O 2 (NCFMMT), by simultaneously doping Cu, Mg, and Ti into its transition metal layers, which greatly increase structural entropy, thereby reducing formation energy and enhancing structural stability. The high-entropy NCFMMT cathode exhibits significantly improved cycling stability (capacity retention of 81.4% at 1C after 250 cycles and 86.8% at 5C after 500 cycles) compared to pristine NaNi 0.3 Fe 0.4 Mn 0.3 O 2 (71% after 100 cycles at 1C), as well as remarkable air stability. Finally, the NCFMMT//hard carbon full-cell batteries deliver a high initial capacity of 103 mAh g –1 at 1C, with 83.8 mAh g –1 maintained after 300 cycles (capacity retention of 81.4%).