Me‐4PACz Functionalized MXene for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Masoud Karimipour, Nil Monrós Oliveras, Zhenchuan Tian, Francesco Salutari, María Chiara Spadaro, Tiankai Zhang, Naji Vahedigharehchopogh, Jordi Arbiol, Feng Gao, Mónica Lira‐Cantú
Abstract
Abstract Interfacial passivation employing 2D Ti 3 C 2 MXenes has proved to be an excellent strategy to optimize band alignment and passivate defects, leading to the reduction of non‐radiative recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). Here in, the synthesis and functionalization of Ti 3 C 2 MXene are reported with the [4‐(3,6‐Dimethyl‐9 H ‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]phosphonic acid molecule (MXene:Me‐4PACz), which is proved by XRD and HRTEM‐EELS analyses. Its application at the interface between the halide perovskite (HP) and the Spiro‐OMeTAD in normal configuration PSCs, results in the enhancement of indoor and outdoor stability. The MXene:Me‐4PACz nanomaterial is obtained in the form of nanoneedles, which, applied in complete PSCs, resulted in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈21.5%, in comparison with the control device with ≈20.1%. The modified device showed a T 88 operational stability obtained at 1000 h for ISOS‐L‐1 and T 50 at ≈1000 h for ISOS‐O‐2. While, all the control devices degraded 55% after 1000 h under ISOS‐L and almost 100% after 900 h under ISOS‐O‐2. Characterization analyses indicate that the efficiency and stability enhancement is due to the improved energy band alignment and charge extraction, to the increased perovskite surface hydrophobicity, and the significant reduction of deep and shallow trap states.