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Characterization of field-effect mobility at optical frequency by microring resonators

Wei-Che Hsu, Erwen Li, Bokun Zhou, Alan X. Wang

2021Photonics Research14 citationsDOI

Abstract

A novel characterization method is proposed to extract the optical frequency field-effect mobility ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>FE</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials by a tunable silicon microring resonator with a heterogeneously integrated titanium-doped indium oxide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m2"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ITiO</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>SiO</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>silicon</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. By operating the microring in the accumulation mode, the quality factor and resonance wavelength shift are measured and subsequently used to derive the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m3"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>FE</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the ultra-thin accumulation layer. Experimental results demonstrate that the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m4"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>FE</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of ITiO increases from 25.3 to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m5"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>38.4</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>⋅</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>⋅</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with increasing gate voltages, which shows a similar trend as that at the electric frequency.

Topics & Concepts

AlgorithmMaterials scienceComputer sciencePhotonic and Optical DevicesNeural Networks and Reservoir ComputingMechanical and Optical Resonators
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