Glucose Oxidase Integrated Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Polymers for Combined Photodynamic/Chemodynamic/Starvation Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Jianan Zhang, Jiawen Yang, Xiru Qin, Jiayi Zhuang, Danni Jing, Yue Ding, Bing Lü, Yang Wang, Tingting Chen, Yong Yao
Abstract
The anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is usually impeded by the hypoxia microenvironment in solid tumors; thus, it requires integration with other treatment tactics to achieve an optimal anticancer efficacy. Porphyrin-containing nanotherapeutic agents are broadly used for PDT in tumor treatment. However, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of porphyrin-based namomaterials has been rarely reported. Here, a novel nanoscale porphyrin-containing covalent organic polymer (PCOP) was designed by the cross-linking of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin with 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid at room temperature. After glucose oxidase (GOx) was loaded, the obtained nanotherapeutic agent of PCOPs@GOx presented an augmented synergy of PDT, CDT, and energy starvation to suppress tumor growth upon near-infrared light irradiation. In vitro and in vivo outcomes demonstrated that this multifunctional nanoplatform not only realized excellent tumor inhibition but also provided a new tactic for designing chemodynamic/photodynamic/starvation combined therapy in one material.