A critical review on the challenges and techno-economic assessment of dyes removal technologies from waste water
Kumar Abhisek, Shashikant Shivaji Vhatkar, Helen Treasa Mathew, Pardeep Singh, Ramesh Oraon
Abstract
Abstract Synthetic dyes are preferred in wide range of industries due to their cost-effectiveness. However, resulting partially or untreated effluents from these has been reported to be carcinogenic as well as possess potential threat to the environment. This attracted great deal of scientific attention encompassing several methods (like coagulation, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation process etc.) to irradicate industrial effluents. Despite of great efforts, it remains challenging and requires sustainable approach in existing technologies. Herein, this review extensively highlights the fundamental concepts of dyes, their classification, degradation mechanism, and key challenges. The objective of this review is to provide the comparative analyses of (i) Dye removal technologies with respect to efficacy of environmental protection, health (ii) Understanding of various parameters affecting dye adsorption process and (iii) Challenges involved and techno-economic assessments of dyes containing water treatment. Herein, selection of materials (like particle size, surface charge density), preferential adsorption behavior of dyes, reaction parameters (such as adsorbent dosage/initial dye concentration) and pH of the solution have also been discussed in detail. From a techno-economic perspective feasibility of technologies for dyes containing water are also examined in context of sustainability.