Protein Kinase Inhibition, Antibacterial Activity, and Characterization of Phytoextract‐Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extracts of <i>Ifloga spicata</i>
Ahmad Gul, Abdul Wahab, Fozia Fozia, Syed Majid Shah, Rukhsana Gul, Jamshed Ali, Nauman Rahim Khan, Ijaz Ahmad, Nisar Ahmad, Muhammad Zia, Riaz Ullah, Amal Alotaibi, Mujeeb A. Sultan
Abstract
This research work was focused on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) employing an aqueous plant extract of Ifloga spicata . The extract of plant used in the silver nanoparticle synthesis served as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The silver nanoparticles were characterized via various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The FT‐IR analysis showed an identification of functional groups of biomolecules present in plant extract like O‐H stretching of phenolic compounds and the C‐H stretch of alkanes, C=O is stretching vibration of carbonyl, C‐N is stretching of amines and amides, and the C‐O is stretching of ester that facilitates the formation of Ag‐NPs. The spherical geometry and crystalline morphology with an average crystal size of 15‐28 nm of Ag‐NPs were revealed using SEM and XRD analysis, respectively. The stability of Ag‐NPs was checked through changing the pH and temperature of the reaction mixture. It was examined that synthesized Ag‐NPs were stable at 60°C temperatures and nearly neutral pH 8. The synthesized Ag‐NPs also exhibit potential antibacterial activity that were investigated against a selected bacterial pathogens, like E. aerogens , B. bronchiseptica , and S. typhimurium. The silver nanoparticles exhibited a maximum zone of inhibition of 18.1 ± 1.73 mm, 14.3 ± 1.18 mm, and 19.5 ± 1.30 mm against E. aerogens , B. bronchiseptica , S. typhimurium , respectively. The synthesized Ag‐NPs exhibit promising protein kinase inhibition at 200 ( μ g/mL) as compared to plant extracts.