Study of valproic acid liposomes for delivery into the brain through an intranasal route
Alhara Yuwanda, Silvia Surini, Yahdiana Harahap, Mahdi Jufri
Abstract
permeation using sheep nasal mucosa and in vivo efficacy were assessed by performing a pharmacokinetic study in Wistar albino rats following intranasal administration of the formulations in comparison with pure drug. The mean size particle of optimized liposomes ranged from 90 to 210 nm with a low polydispersity index (<0.5). The EE of optimized liposomes was between 60% and 85%, increasing the concentration of phosphatidylcholine added to the formula. Transmission electron microscopy observations (40,000×) showed that valproic acid liposomes have a spherical molecular shape and a particle size of below 250 nm. The ex vivo and in vivo results showed that liposomal formulations provided enhanced brain exposure. Among the formulations studied, Formula 4 (F4) showed greater uptake of valproic acid into the brain than plasma. The high brain targeting efficiency index for F4 indicated the preferential transport of the drug to the brain. The study demonstrated the successful formulation of surface-modified valproic acid liposomes for nasal delivery with brain targeting potential.