Recent Advancements of Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Overcoming Tumor Microenvironment Hypoxia
Jiangchao Wu, Jinyuan Song, Xianghong Yin, Jianghui Tang, Junlei Zhang, Xun Wang, Yongtao Ji, Yaxing Zhao, Dong Chen, Jianpeng Sheng, Xueli Bai, Tingbo Liang
Abstract
Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of most solid malignancies, which has multiple effects on malignant phenotypes and biological behaviors of tumors including epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), invasion, migration, metastasis, autophagy, stem cell maintenance, pathological angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. Rcentlyumoand reversing the tumor hypoxic environment via nanotechnology has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignancies. The main strategies related to nanotechnology to alleviate or ameliorate hypoxic environment are as follows: (1) Bringing external oxygen to tumor hypoxic microenvironment; (2) Generating oxygen based on nanotechnology in situ; (3) Regulating the structure of the tumor microenvironment; (4) Decreasing oxygen consumption in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss these nanotechnologies in detail.