CuS–NiS<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials for MRI guided phototherapy of gastric carcinoma <i>via</i> triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and MLKL/CAPG-mediated necroptosis
Jian Chen, Rongjun Zhang, Cheng Tao, Xiaofei Huang, Zide Chen, Xinping Li, Jianlong Zhou, Qiang Zeng, Bingxia Zhao, Miaomiao Yuan, Min Ma, Zhengzhi Wu
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. As part of our long-term efforts on seeking effective diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of gastric cancer, we present herein novel ternary copper-based chalcogenide nanoplatform CuS–NiS2 nanomaterials with outstanding photothermal (PT)/photodynamic (PD) property that could effectively suppress human gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo without obvious side effects. We revealed that CuS–NiS2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to apoptosis through Bcl-2/Bax pathway of human gastric cancer cells under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. In addition, we also confirmed that the combination of CuS–NiS2 and 808 nm NIR laser treatment triggered necroptosis by regulating the novel pathway MLKL/CAPG of human gastric cancer cells. Moreover, the CuS–NiS2 exhibited excellent contrast enhancement according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Taken together, we reported new ternary copper-based chalcogenide nanomaterials CuS–NiS2, which could be successfully applied for MRI-guided PT/PD therapy of gastric carcinoma through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and MLKL/CAPG-mediated necroptosis.