A review exploring the overarching burden of Zika virus with emphasis on epidemiological case studies from Brazil
Merve Tunalı, Alexandro André Radin, Selma Başıbüyük, Anwar Musah, Iuri Valério Graciano Borges, Orhan Yenigün, Aisha Aldosery, Patty Kostkova, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, Tiago Massoni, Lívia Márcia Mosso Dutra, Giselle Machado Magalhães Moreno, Clarisse Lins de Lima, Ana Clara Gomes da Silva, Tércio Ambrizzi, Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha, Kate E. Jones, Luiza C. Campos
Abstract
This paper explores the main factors for mosquito-borne transmission of the Zika virus by focusing on environmental, anthropogenic, and social risks. A literature review was conducted bringing together related information from this genre of research from peer-reviewed publications. It was observed that environmental conditions, especially precipitation, humidity, and temperature, played a role in the transmission. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors including sanitation, urbanization, and environmental pollution promote the transmission by affecting the mosquito density. In addition, socioeconomic factors such as poverty as well as social inequality and low-quality housing have also an impact since these are social factors that limit access to certain facilities or infrastructure which, in turn, promote transmission when absent (e.g., piped water and screened windows). Finally, the paper presents short-, mid-, and long-term preventative solutions together with future perspectives. This is the first review exploring the effects of anthropogenic aspects on Zika transmission with a special emphasis in Brazil.