Geographically Targeted Interventions versus Mass Drug Administration to Control <i>Taenia solium</i> Cysticercosis, Peru
Seth E. O’Neal, Ian W. Pray, Percy Vilchez, Ricardo Gamboa, Claudio Muro, Luz M. Moyano, Viterbo Ayvar, César M. Gavidia, Robert H. Gilman, Armando E. González, Héctor H. Garcı́a, for the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Abstract
Optimal control strategies for Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis have not been determined. We conducted a 2-year cluster randomized trial in Peru by assigning 23 villages to 1 of 3 geographically targeted intervention approaches. For ring screening (RS), participants living near pigs with cysticercosis were screened for taeniasis; identified cases were treated with niclosamide. In ring treatment (RT), participants living near pigs with cysticercosis received presumptive treatment with niclosamide. In mass treatment (MT), participants received niclosamide treatment every 6 months regardless of location. In each approach, half the villages received targeted or mass oxfendazole for pigs (6 total study arms). We noted significant reductions in seroincidence among pigs in all approaches (67.1% decrease in RS, 69.3% in RT, 64.7% in MT; p<0.001), despite a smaller proportion of population treated by targeted approaches (RS 1.4%, RT 19.3%, MT 88.5%). Our findings suggest multiple approaches can achieve rapid control of T. solium transmission.