Supercapacitor Performance of NiO, NiO-MWCNT, and NiO–Fe-MWCNT Composites
Aunggat Shah, Subhabrata Senapati, H. C. Ananda Murthy, L. Robindro Singh, Mrityunjoy Mahato
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The NiO-CNT and NiO–Fe-CNT composites that have been prepared from waste high density polyethylene plastic and their carbon nanotube (CNT) quality-dependent supercapacitance tuning have been reported here. Multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) formation has been confirmed from TEM and Raman spectra with an I D / I G ratio of 0.77, which stands for high graphitization. The specific surface area (SSA) of MWCNTs in the NiO–Fe-CNT composite was 87.8 m 2 /g, while in the NiO-CNT composite, it was 25 m 2 /g. NiO–Fe-CNT displayed higher specific capacitance and energy density (1360 Fg –1 and 1180 W h kg –1 ) than NiO-CNT (1250 Fg –1 and 1000 W h kg –1 ), which may be due to the presence of higher-quality MWCNTs in the NiO–Fe-CNT composite. NiO–Fe-CNT displayed higher contributions of electric double-layer capacitor (59%) behavior compared to NiO-CNT (38%) and represented a hybrid supercapacitor. NiO–Fe-CNT also displayed a capacitive retention of 96% after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, studies in acidic electrolytes revealed higher performance of NiO–Fe-CNT than NiO-CNT, displaying specific capacitances of NiO–Fe-CNT to be 1147 Fg –1 in 2 M H 2 SO 4 and 943 Fg –1 in 2 M HCl. It has been qualitatively explored that the quality of CNTs, SSA, and quantum confinement effects in the composites may be the factors responsible for the performance difference in NiO–Fe-CNT and NiO-CNT. The present work is geared toward the low-cost fabrication of high-quality CNT composites for supercapacitors and energy storage applications. The present work also contributes quantitatively to the understanding of CNT quality as an important parameter for the performance of CNT-composite-based supercapacitors.