Long‐Circulating Theranostic 2D Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Concurrent O<sub>2</sub> Self‐Supplying and GSH Depletion Characteristic for Enhanced Cancer Chemodynamic Therapy
Rui Xu, Phei Er Saw, Lei Xu
Abstract
Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in cancer theranostics due to their ultrahigh specific surface area resulting in more radicals and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). However, their biomedical prospects are greatly limited by poor biocompatibility, low dispersion, weak stability, and the potential threat of their high immunogenicity. Moreover, rapid depletion of ROS by the high level of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione) in cancer cells severely limits the therapeutic effects of cancer CDT. Herein, a robust method is developed to improve the biomedical application of 2D nanomaterials via constructing a 2D nanomaterials delivery nanoplatform with hemoglobin‐based minerals biological coat for the safe encapsulation, long blood circulation, and controlled release of 2D nanomaterials. After intravenous administration and then internalization by cancer cells, the acidic microenvironment and high concentration of H 2 O 2 can trigger rapid release of Cu‐T nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (nMOFs) from Cu‐T@MH. Then, the released Cu‐T nMOFs with simultaneous high ROS production and GSH depletion endow the Cu‐T@MH nanoplatform with enhanced cancer CDT. Besides, the fluorescence recovery of tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin in Cu‐T nMOFs during the GSH depletion process can accurately visualize the cancer therapeutic action.