Efficient Permeable Monolithic Hybrid Tribo‐Piezo‐Electromagnetic Nanogenerator Based on Topological‐Insulator‐Composite
Beibei Shao, Tzu‐Ching Lu, Ming‐Han Lu, Yi‐Ting Chen, Tai‐Chen Wu, Wei‐Chen Peng, Tien‐Yu Ko, Jiann‐Yeu Chen, Baoquan Sun, Chih‐Yen Chen, Ruiyuan Liu, Fang‐Chi Hsu, Ying‐Chih Lai
Abstract
Abstract Escalating energy demands of self‐independent on‐skin/wearable electronics impose challenges on corresponding power sources to offer greater power density, permeability, and stretchability. Here, a high‐efficient breathable and stretchable monolithic hybrid triboelectric‐piezoelectric‐electromagnetic nanogenerator‐based electronic skin (TPEG‐skin) is reported via sandwiching a liquid metal mesh with two‐layer topological insulator‐piezoelectric polymer composite nanofibers. TPEG‐skin concurrently extracts biomechanical energy (from body motions) and electromagnetic radiations (from adjacent appliances), operating as epidermal power sources and whole‐body self‐powered sensors. Topological insulators with conductive surface states supply notably enhanced triboelectric and piezoelectric effects, endowing TPEG‐skin with a 288 V output voltage (10 N, 4 Hz), ∼3 times that of state‐of‐the‐art devices. Liquid metal meshes serve as breathable electrodes and extract ambient electromagnetic pollution (±60 V, ±1.6 µA cm −2 ). TPEG‐skin implements self‐powered physiological and body motion monitoring and system‐level human‐machine interactions. This study provides compatible energy strategies for on‐skin/wearable electronics with high power density, monolithic device integration, and multifunctionality.