Fetuin‐A, inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor, glutamic acid and ChoE (18:0) are key biomarkers in a panel distinguishing mild from critical coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes
Laia Reverté, Elena Yeregui, Montserrat Olona, Alicia Gutiérrez‐Valencia, María J. Buzón, Anna Martí, Frederic Gómez‐Bertomeu, Teresa Auguet, Luís F. López‐Cortés, Joaquín Burgos, Clara Benavent‐Bofill, Carme Boqué, Graciano García‐Pardo, Ezequiel Ruíz-Mateos, Maria Teresa Mestre, Francesc Vidal, Consuelo Viladés, Joaquim Peraire, Anna Rull, COVIDOMICS Study Group
Abstract
The mechanistic pathways leading to immune dysregulation and complications driven by uncontrolled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain major challenges.1, 2 Hence, a detailed analysis of the proteome, metabolome and lipidome profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients showing different severity grades might shed light on the disease pathophysiology and unveil new predictive biomarkers to promptly ascertain patient's outcomes. \n \nOur COVID-19 study cohort included 273 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals recruited during the first wave (March–April 2020) in three different hospitals and grouped by the disease severity following the medical inclusion criteria3 in mild, severe or critical (Figure 1A), from whom demographic, preexisting clinical conditions and COVID-19 treatments are summarized in Table S1. The greatest significant differences were observed between mild and critically ill patients. These findings indicated that older individuals with comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, mostly presenting dyspnea (Figure 1B), may be at higher risk of suffering from severe respiratory distress with subsequent oxygen and drug requirements and, eventually, died. Similarly, the serum biochemical composition analysis revealed a well-differentiated blood pattern previously defined for critically ill patients (Figure S1).