Environmental health risks and impacts of PM2.5 exposure on human health in residential areas, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Azham Umar Abidin, Anisful Lailil Munawaroh, Aulia Rosinta, Arvi Tri Sulistiyani, I Putu Riska Ardianta, Fajri Mulya Iresha
Abstract
Air pollution, particularly PM 2.5 , significantly impacts public health in developing areas. This study evaluates PM 2.5 exposure among residents and conducts a health risk assessment within the human community in Bantul Regency, Indonesia, utilizing a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) over 24 h in a residential area and interviewing 36 respondents. The findings of this study show that PM 2.5 concentrations varied from 50.7 to 61.9 μg/m³, exceeding the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) of 35 μg/m³. The risk hazard quotient (RQ) values of PM 2.5 were greater than 1, signifying considerable health risk. Epidemiological statistical analysis indicates a significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) between PM 2.5 exposure, health complaints, and respondent characteristics. Residents report health issues including cough, headache, eye irritation, breathlessness, and wheezing. The findings emphasize the imperative for more rigorous air quality standards and regulations, enhanced public awareness and education regarding preventive practices, and urban planning development strategies incorporating green infrastructure. These measures are crucial for alleviating health hazards and enhancing air quality in impacted areas. • PM 2.5 exposure levels (50.7–61.9 μg/m³) exceed the NAAQS of 35 μg/m³ . • Risk hazard quotient (RQ) values > 1, indicating significant health risks from PM 2.5 . • PM 2.5 exposure significantly linked to health complaints i.e., cough, headache, wheezing. • Targeted interventions needed to mitigate PM 2.5 risks in vulnerable populations.