Swine ANP32A Supports Avian Influenza Virus Polymerase
Thomas P. Peacock, Olivia C. Swann, Hamish A. Salvesen, Ecco Staller, P. Brian Leung, Daniel H. Goldhill, Hongbo Zhou, Simon G. Lillico, C. Bruce A. Whitelaw, Jason S. Long, Wendy S. Barclay
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can jump from wild birds and poultry into mammalian species such as humans or swine, but they only continue to transmit if they accumulate mammalian adapting mutations. Pigs appear uniquely susceptible to both avian and human strains of influenza and are often described as virus "mixing vessels." In this study, we describe how a host factor responsible for regulating virus replication, ANP32A, is different between swine and humans. Swine ANP32A allows a greater range of influenza viruses, specifically those from birds, to replicate. It does this by binding the virus polymerase more tightly than the human version of the protein. This work helps to explain the unique properties of swine as mixing vessels.