Comprehensive Management of Severe Burn Injuries: A Multidisciplinary Approach from Resuscitation to Rehabilitation
Maryum Merchant, Scott Hu, Chris R. Miller, Tamana Ahmadi, Edwin Arbey Hernández García, Malcolm I. Smith
Abstract
Severe burns are among the most traumatic injuries, characterized by tissue damage, systemic inflammation, significant fluid shifts, and a high risk of complications such as infections, organ failure, anemia, malnutrition, and psychological trauma. This article reviews recent literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to outline critical components of burn care, from initial resuscitation and stabilization through rehabilitation. Key topics include early airway management to prevent respiratory compromise, meticulous fluid resuscitation to maintain tissue perfusion while avoiding complications like fluid overload, and optimal pain management. It also discusses nutritional support tailored to the burn patient’s hypermetabolic state and surgical techniques like early debridement and skin grafting. Beyond physical recovery, the review emphasizes the importance of addressing the psychological impact of burn injuries, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress, which can significantly affect long-term outcomes. By integrating the expertise of a multidisciplinary team with a personalized approach and practical recommendations, this review aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive framework for managing severe burns, from the initial emergency response to the challenges of inpatient care and, finally, rehabilitation.