Metabolic responsiveness to training depends on insulin sensitivity and protein content of exosomes in insulin-resistant males
Maria Apostolopoulou, Lucia Mastrototaro, Sonja Hartwig, Dominik Pesta, Klaus Straßburger, Elisabetta De Filippo, Tomáš Jeleník, Yanislava Karusheva, Sofiya Gancheva, Daniel F. Markgraf, Christian Herder, K. Sreekumaran Nair, Andreas S. Reichert, Stefan Lehr, Karsten Müssig, Hadi Al‐Hasani, Julia Szendroedi, Michael Roden
Abstract
max, mainly insulin-resistant (IR) persons (T2D and IR NDM) showed distinct alterations of circulating small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) along with lower inhibitory metabolic (protein kinase Cε activity) or inflammatory (nuclear factor κB) signaling in muscle of T2D or IR NDM, respectively. This is related to the specific alterations in SEV proteome reflecting down-regulation of the phospholipase C pathway (T2D) and up-regulated antioxidant capacity (IR NDM). Thus, SEV cargo may contribute to modulating the individual metabolic responsiveness to exercise training in humans.