High-Nickel Cathodes with Mechanical and Interfacial Robustness via Tailored Concentration Gradients for Stable Li-Ion Batteries
Seongwook Kim, Arashdeep Singh Thind, Sangram Keshari Mohanty, Jeong Ki Hong, Jae Yup Jung, Haeun Park, Yingjie Yang, Min‐Sik Park, Mansi Sanjay Porwal, Eva Michelle Allen, Byeong Kil Choi, Hyein Jung, Neelam Sunariwal, Khagesh Kumar, Mingyuan Ge, Jaeseung Yoo, Jun-Ho Song, Ji Heon Ryu, Seyun Lee, Sri Charan Reddy, Madhusudana Koratikere Srinivasa, Aditya Ranjan Pati, Eungje Lee, Robert F. Klie, Jordi Cabana, Hyun Deog Yoo
Abstract
We have developed a versatile mathematical framework integrated with an automated reactor system to design and reify highly customizable full concentration gradient (FCG) in high-nickel cathodes for advanced Li-ion batteries. This method provides precise and independent control of the average composition, slope, and curvature of FCGs, enabling the optimization of structural and mechanical properties of the cathode materials. We have showcased this method with Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursors of controlled FCGs, which unlocked an optimized cathode with excellent cycling stability without crack formation after repeated cycles. This work opens up new possibilities for the design and manufacturing of advanced cathode materials, enabling safer, high-performance batteries.