Dual solutions for magnetic-convective-quadratic radiative MoS <sub>2</sub> − SiO <sub>2</sub> /H <sub>2</sub> O hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Fochheimer porous medium in presence of second-order slip velocity through a permeable shrinking surface: Entropy and stability analysis
Gopinath Mandal, Dulal Pal
Abstract
This investigation aims to scrutinize the flow phenomenon and thermal variations of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow induced by a shrinking surface. The novelty of the work is to examine the flow and heat transport behavior with entropy production of mixed convective MoS2−SiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid through a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium in the presence of nonlinear quadratic thermal radiation with second-order velocity slip over a contracting surface. Nanoparticles molybdenum disulfide MoS2 and silicon dioxide SiO2 are coupled with the base fluid water (H2O) to construct MoS2−SiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid. The governing set of nonlinear partial differential equations with corresponding boundary constraints is converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the similarities transformation before being solved numerically with the help of the default solver in the MATLAB bvp4c package. A dual solution is determined based on the emerging parameters, including a certain amount of mass suction parameter, nanoparticle volume fractions, magnetic field, Grashof number, nonlinear quadratic thermal radiation, Darcy–Forchheimer factor, and first- and second-order velocity slip factors, for the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt number, and they are analyzed tabularly and graphically. These results also indicate that the solution for the upper branch was stable, while it was unstable for the lower branch based on the stability analysis. Quadratic thermal radiation has been discovered to considerably impact the fluid’s temperature and the pace of heat transfer. The magnetic field resistance and Forchheimer number slow the flow of the liquid and increase its temperature. Furthermore, by combining silicon oxide with a volume percentage of molybdenum disulfide, the flow is retarded, and heat transfer is enhanced. With an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction by 1%, the skin friction is boosted up by almost 3.07% and 1.80% and local Nusselt number is decelerated by almost 0.63%, 0.74% for a particular upper branch over the shrinking surface due to the influences of MoS2 and SiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. Furthermore, quadratic thermal radiation and first-second-order velocity slip considerably enhance the entropy formation.