Tailored Li-ion battery electrodes and electrolytes for extreme condition operations
Daecheol Jeong, Brian M. Tackett, Vilas G. Pol
Abstract
This review examines recent advancements in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology for extreme conditions, focusing on applications in electric vehicles, renewable energy, defense, and remote sensing. We explore innovative electrode and electrolyte designs that enhance performance at extreme temperatures, addressing challenges like electrolyte freezing and increased impedance. The review highlights the development of novel electrolytes, including high-entropy formulations, and fast-charging electrodes. Emphasizing sustainability and resilience, we aim to inspire near-future research in LIBs capable of meeting demands for extreme operational scenarios, including space exploration. This analysis provides insights and perspectives on improving LIB performance and reliability across challenging applications. Lithium-ion batteries can be engineered to operate reliably under extreme cold conditions through innovations in electrode architecture, electrolyte design, and interfacial chemistry. In this Review, the authors discuss recent advances such as high-entropy electrolytes, pseudocapacitive anodes, and polymer or solid-state systems, highlighting promising strategies for applications in polar regions, aerospace, and space missions.