Alleviation of COVID-19 Symptoms and Reduction in Healthcare Utilization Among High-risk Patients Treated With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (NMV/R): A Phase 3 Randomized Trial
Jennifer Hammond, Heidi Leister‐Tebbe, Annie Gardner, Paula Abreu, Weihang Bao, Wayne Wisemandle, Wajeeha Ansari, Magdalena Harrington, Jesus Abraham Simón Campos, Kara W Chew, Rienk Pypstra, James M. Rusnak
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) is an oral antiviral treatment for mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This phase 2/3, double-blind, randomized (1:1) study assessed oral NMV/r 300 mg/100 mg versus placebo every 12 hours for 5 days in high-risk, unvaccinated, nonhospitalized, symptomatic adults with COVID-19 from 343 sites across 21 countries. In testing the primary endpoint of COVID-19‒related hospitalization and all-cause deaths and key secondary endpoints, including symptom duration and COVID-19‒related medical visits, type I error was controlled with prespecified sequential testing and the Hochberg procedure. RESULTS: Among 2113 randomized patients enrolled from July 2021 through December 2021, 1966 (NMV/r, n = 977; placebo, n = 989) were included in the prespecified analysis population (symptom onset ≤5 days, did not receive monoclonal antibodies). NMV/r significantly reduced times to sustained alleviation (median, 13 vs 15 days; hazard ratio = 1.27, P < .0001) and resolution (16 vs 19 days; hazard ratio = 1.20, P = .0022) through day 28 and significantly reduced the number of COVID-19‒related medical visits and the proportion of patients with such visits. Hospitalized patients treated with NMV/r had shorter stays, none required intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation, and all were discharged to home/self-care. Fewer NMV/r-treated patients required additional treatment for COVID-19. No NMV/r-treated patients died through week 24 compared with 15 placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to reducing COVID-19‒related hospitalization or death from any cause through day 28, NMV/r was found to also reduce duration of COVID-19 symptoms and utilization of healthcare resources versus placebo in patients at high risk of progressing to severe disease. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04960202, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04960202.