Behavioral game of quarantine during the monkeypox epidemic: Analysis of deterministic and fractional order approach
Mohammad Sharif Ullah, K. M. Ariful Kabir
Abstract
Firstly, we extensively analyzed the model's positivity and boundness of the solution, reproduction number, disease-free and endemic equilibrium, possible stability, existence, concavity, and Ulam-Hyers stability for the fractional order. Subsequently, we proceeded to present a numerical analysis that effectively illustrates the repercussions of varying quarantine-related factors, information probability, and protection probability. We aimed to comprehensively examine the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on disease control, which we conveyed through line graphs and 2D heat maps. Our findings underscored the significant influence of strict quarantine measures and the protection of both humans and animals in mitigating disease outbreaks. These measures not only significantly curtailed the spread of the disease but also delayed the occurrence of the epidemic's peak. Conversely, when quarantine maintenance policies were implemented at lower rates and protection levels diminished, we observed contrasting outcomes that exacerbated the situation. Eventually, our analysis revealed the emergence of animal reservoirs in cases involving disease transmission between humans and animals.