Clearing up Clear Cell: Clarifying the Immuno-Oncology Treatment Landscape for Metastatic Clear Cell RCC
Sai Krishnaraya Doppalapudi, Zev Leopold, Akshay Thaper, Alain Kaldany, Kevin Chua, Hiren V. Patel, Arnav Srivastava, Eric A. Singer
Abstract
Patients with advanced or malignant renal cell carcinoma at the time of diagnosis have historically had a poor prognosis. Immunonologic agents have significantly altered the therapeutic landscape and clinical outcomes of these patients. In this review, we highlight recent and upcoming clinical trials investigating the role of immunotherapies in clear cell RCC. In particular, we emphasize immunotherapy-based combinations, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant ICI, and ICI agents combined with anti-VEGF therapy.
Topics & Concepts
MedicineImmunotherapyRenal cell carcinomaOncologyClinical trialInternal medicineAdjuvantTargeted therapyCancer researchCancerRenal cell carcinoma treatmentRenal and related cancersCancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers